ORIGINAL PAPER
Resiliency as a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress of cardiac patients
| 1 | Casimir the Great University, Bydgoszcz, Poland |
Submission date: 2018-10-18
Final revision date: 2019-04-15
Acceptance date: 2019-04-17
Online publication date: 2019-06-14
Publication date: 2019-06-14
Health Psychology Report 2019;7(3):191–199
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
psychological aspects of illnesshealth attitudes and behaviorlifespan approaches to health, including those related to older adultsquality of life and well being
ABSTRACT
Background:
Since cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of premature mortality in men and women in Poland, it is reasonable to look for factors that protect against these conditions. Psychological resiliency is one of such properties that support adaptation in difficult situations and conducive to adaptation to the disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping of cardiac patients and to determine whether resiliency is a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress in this group.
Participants and procedure:
In the study the Assessment of Resiliency Scale (SPP-25) and the scale of Flexibility in Coping with Stress (KERS-14) were used. The participants of the study were 120 cardiac patients (72 men and 48 women) at the age 29-75.
Results:
The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping. Each of the resiliency dimensions, as well as the result of the overall resiliency, correlates positively with each of the dimensions of flexibility in coping. The analysis showed that resiliency is an important predictor of a dependent variable – flexible in coping.
Conclusions:
There is a positive relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping with stress in cardiac patients. Peo-ple with a higher intensity of resiliency in comparison to people with lower intensity of resiliency are character-ized by greater flexibility in coping with stress. The dimensions of resiliency, in particular ‘Persistence and de-termination in action’ and ‘Openness to new experiences and sense of humor’, together with the duration of the disease, play a predictive role for flexibility in coping with stress.
Since cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of premature mortality in men and women in Poland, it is reasonable to look for factors that protect against these conditions. Psychological resiliency is one of such properties that support adaptation in difficult situations and conducive to adaptation to the disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping of cardiac patients and to determine whether resiliency is a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress in this group.
Participants and procedure:
In the study the Assessment of Resiliency Scale (SPP-25) and the scale of Flexibility in Coping with Stress (KERS-14) were used. The participants of the study were 120 cardiac patients (72 men and 48 women) at the age 29-75.
Results:
The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping. Each of the resiliency dimensions, as well as the result of the overall resiliency, correlates positively with each of the dimensions of flexibility in coping. The analysis showed that resiliency is an important predictor of a dependent variable – flexible in coping.
Conclusions:
There is a positive relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping with stress in cardiac patients. Peo-ple with a higher intensity of resiliency in comparison to people with lower intensity of resiliency are character-ized by greater flexibility in coping with stress. The dimensions of resiliency, in particular ‘Persistence and de-termination in action’ and ‘Openness to new experiences and sense of humor’, together with the duration of the disease, play a predictive role for flexibility in coping with stress.
REFERENCES (42)
1.
Basińska, M.A. (2015). Polska wersja Skali Elastycznego Radzenia Sobie – podsumowanie wyników badań [Polish version of Coping Flexibility Scale – the summary of research results]. In M. A. Basińska (Ed.), Elastyczne radzenie sobie ze stresem w zdrowiu i w chorobie [Coping flexibility with stress in health and in disease] (pp. 273–294). Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo UKW.
2.
Basińska, M. A., & Rusek, A. (2015). Temperament a elastyczne radzenie sobie ze stresem w grupie studentów kierunków artystycznych [Temperament and coping flexibility in a group of art students]. In M. A. Basińska (Ed.), Elastyczne radzenie sobie ze stresem w zdrowiu i w chorobie [Coping flexibility with stress in health and in disease] (pp. 123–140). Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo UKW.
3.
Basińska, M. A., Sołtys, M., Kruczek, A., Grzankowska, I., Borzyszkowska, A., Janicka, M., Góralska, K., & Stępka-Tykwińska E. (in print). Kwestionariusz Elastyczności w Radzeniu Sobie ze Stresem: konstrukcja i właściwości psychometryczne [Flexibility in coping with Stress Questionnaire: structure and psychometric properties].
4.
Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Development of cognition, affect, and social relations: The Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–101). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5.
Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.
6.
Cheng, C. (2001). Assesing coping flexibility in real-life and laboratory settings: a multimethod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 814–833.
7.
Cierniak-Piotrowska, M., Marciniak, G., & Stańczak, J. (2015). Statystyka zgonów i umieralności z powodu chorób układu krążenia [Statistics of deaths and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases]. In Z. Strzelecki & J. Szymborski (Eds.), Zachorowalność i umieralność na choroby układu krążenia a sytuacja demograficzna Polski [Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and the demographic situation of Poland] (pp. 46–81). Warszawa: Rządowa Rada Ludnościowa.
8.
Czapiński, J. (2002). Szczęśliwy człowiek w szczęśliwym społeczeństwie? Zrównoważony rozwój, jakość życia i złudzenie postępu [Happy man in a happy society? Sustainable development, quality of life and the illusion of progress]. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 1, 9–34.
9.
Felcyn-Koczewska, M., & Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2011). Rola prężności w rozwoju potraumatycznym osób w żałobie [The role of resilience in posttraumatic development of people in mourning]. In L. Golińska & E., Bielawska-Batorowicz (Eds.), Rodzina i praca w warunkach kryzysu [Family and work in crisis] (pp. 511–524). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
10.
Fredrickson, B. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.
11.
Gil, K., Radziwiłłowicz, P., Zdrojewski, T., Piwoński, J., Landowski, J., & Wyrzykowski, B. (2006). Depresja jako czynnik ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego [Depression as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease]. Kardiologia Polska, 64, 526–531.
12.
Grzankowska, I., Napora, E., & Basińska, M. A. (in print). The resilience of mothers and their job satisfaction: differentiating role of single motherhood. Psychologia Społeczna.
14.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524.
15.
Kasprzak, A., Basińska, M. A., & Lewandowska, P. (2013). Resiliency and the subjective evaluation of health in mothers of children with Asperger’s syndrome. Health Psychology Report, 1, 34–41.
16.
Kato, T. (2012). Development of the coping flexibility scale: evidence for the coping flexibility hypothesis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 262–273.
17.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
18.
Nadolska, K., & Sęk, H. (2007). Społeczny kontekst odkrywania wiedzy o zasobach odpornościowych, czyli czym jest resilience i jak ono funkcjonuje [The social context of discovering knowledge about immune resources, or what resilience is and how it works]. In Ł. Kaczmarek & A. Słysz (Eds.), Bliżej serca. Zdrowie i emocje [Closer to the heart. Health and emotions] (pp. 13–37). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
19.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2010). Prężność a jakość życia młodzieży [Resiliency and quality of life of young people]. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 1, 233–247.
20.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2011a). Rola prężności w zapobieganiu negatywnym skutkom stresu zawodowego [The role of resiliency in preventing the negative effects of occupational stress]. In L. Golińska & E. Bielawska-Batorowicz (Eds.), Rodzina i praca w warunkach kryzysu [Family and work in crisis] (pp. 485–498). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
21.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2011b). Rola prężności psychicznej w przystosowaniu się kobiet do choroby nowotworowej [The role of resiliency in adjustment to cancer in women]. Psychoonkologia, 1, 26–35.
22.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2012). Prężność a potraumatyczny rozwój u młodzieży [Resiliency and post-traumatic growth in adolescents]. In N. Ogińska-Bulik & J. Miniszewska (Eds.), Zdrowie w cyklu życia człowieka [Health in the human life cycle] (pp. 73–85). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
23.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2013). Pozytywne skutki doświadczeń traumatycznych, czyli kiedy łzy zamieniają się w perły [Positive effects of traumatic experiences, or when tears turn into pearls]. Warszawa: Difin.
24.
Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2015) The relationship between resiliency and posttraumatic growth following death of someone close. Journal of Death and Dying, 71, 233–244.
25.
Ogińska-Bulik, N., & Juczyński, Z. (2008a). Skala pomiaru prężności – SPP-25 [Scale of Resiliency Measurement - SPP-25]. Nowiny Psychologiczne, 3, 39–56.
26.
Ogińska-Bulik, N., & Juczyński, Z. (2008b). Osobowość, stres i zdrowie [Personality, stress and health]. Warszawa: Difin.
27.
Ogińska-Bulik, N., & Juczyński, Z. (2011). Prężność u dzieci i młodzieży: charakterystyka i pomiar – polska skala SPP-18 [Resiliency in children and adolescents: characteristics and measurement – polish scale SPP-18]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 16, 7–28.
28.
Ogińska-Bulik, N., & Juczyński, Z. (2012). Prężność jako wyznacznik pozytywnych i negatywnych konsekwencji doświadczonej sytuacji traumatycznej [Resiliency as a determinant of positive and negative consequences experienced traumatic situation]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 17, 395–410.
29.
Oleś, P. (2000). Psychologia przełomu połowy życia [Psychology of the turn of the half of life]. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
30.
Opuchlik, K., Wrzesińska, M., & Kocur, J. (2009). Ocena poziomu stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem i poczucia umiejscowienia kontroli zdrowia u osób z chorobą niedokrwienną serca i nadciśnieniem tętniczym [The assessment of the level of coping style and health locus of control in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension]. Psychiatria Polska, 43, 235–245.
31.
Porębska, K. (2009). Wsparcie społeczne w warunkach izolacji jako wyznacznik skutecznej readaptacji [Social support in conditions of isolation as a determinant of effective readaptation]. Probacja, 2, 49–58.
32.
Segovia, F., Moore, J. L., Linnville, S. E., & Hoyt, R. E. (2015). Optimism predicts positive health in repatriated prisoners of war. Psychological Trauma, 7, 222–228.
33.
Semmer, N. (2006). Personality, stress and coping. In M. Vollrath (Ed.) Handbook of Personality and Health. Chichester: Wiley.
34.
Sęk, H. (2008). Udział pozytywnych emocji w osiąganiu zdrowia [Participation of positive emotions in health achievement]. In I. Heszen & J. Życińska (Eds.), Psychologia zdrowia. W poszukiwaniu pozytywnych inspiracji [Health psychology. In search of positive inspirations] (pp.73–88). Warszawa: Academica Wydawnictwo SWPS.
35.
Sęk, H., Kaczmarek, Ł., Ziarko, M., Pietrzykowska, E., & Lewicka, J. (2012) Sprężystość psychiczna a dobrostan w chorobie przewlekłej – mediująca rola podmiotowego umocnienia i radzenia sobie [Resiliency and well-being in chronić diseases – mediating role of empowerment and coping]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 17, 327–343.
36.
Shen, B. J., Myers, H. F., & McCreary, C. P. (2006). Psychosocial predictors of cardiac rehabilitation quality-of-life outcomes. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60, 3–11.
37.
Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2004). Psychosocial factors in the development of coronary artery disease. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 46, 337–347.
38.
Szwajca, K. (2014a). Dyskurs na temat resilience – konteksty i aspekty praktyczne [Discourse on resilience - contexts and practical aspects]. Psychoterapia, 168, 99–107.
39.
Szwajca, K. (2014b). Sprężystość (resilience) i odpowiedzi na doświadczenia urazowe – fascynujący i trudny obszar badań [Resilience and responses to the experience of trauma – a fascinating but difficult study area]. Psychiatria Polska, 48, 563–572.
40.
Turkiewicz-Maligranda, A. (2014). Prężność osobowa jako osobowościowy zasób zdrowotny [Resilience as the personality resource of health]. Pielęgniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne, 4, 173–176.
41.
Uchnast, Z. (1997). Prężność osobowa: Empiryczna typologia i metoda pomiaru [Personal resilience: Empirical typology and measurement method]. Roczniki Filozoficzne, 45, 27–49.
42.
White, B., Driver, S., & Warren, P. M. (2010). Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55, 23–32.
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.