ORIGINAL PAPER
Person-environment fit, turnover intention and satisfaction with life. The role of seniority
1
Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
Submission date: 2023-09-04
Final revision date: 2024-03-14
Acceptance date: 2024-08-07
Online publication date: 2024-10-28
Corresponding author
KEYWORDS
person-environment fitperson-job fitwork-related stressjob satisfactionturnover intentionlife satisfactionmidwives
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Based on the person-environment fit model, we examined how occupational stress and job satisfaction are correlated with an intention to leave the current workplace or profession and life satisfaction in two groups of midwives with low and high experience.
Participants and procedure:
Data were collected between March and December 2022 using a set of psychological questionnaires. Low-experienced mid-wives (n = 152) and high-experienced midwives (n = 174) participated in the study. Multigroup path analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results:
Research has shown that midwives of varying levels of seniority experience similar levels of general occupational stress, job satisfaction, intentions to leave their current workplace or profession, and life satisfaction. The study found a negative corre-lation between occupational stress and job satisfaction and life satisfaction in both groups. The correlation between job satisfaction and the intention to leave the current workplace or profession was significantly negative only among low-experienced midwives. In high-experienced midwives, the relationship between stress and the intention to leave the current workplace or profession was direct. In the group of low-experienced midwives, links between occupational stress and all outcome variables were completely mediated by job satisfaction.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that degree of person-environment fit accurately predicts the positive and negative consequences of working conditions for behavior both at work and outside of work. The correlations between stress at work, thoughts of leaving work, and the assessment of well-being differ between low- and high-experienced employees.
Based on the person-environment fit model, we examined how occupational stress and job satisfaction are correlated with an intention to leave the current workplace or profession and life satisfaction in two groups of midwives with low and high experience.
Participants and procedure:
Data were collected between March and December 2022 using a set of psychological questionnaires. Low-experienced mid-wives (n = 152) and high-experienced midwives (n = 174) participated in the study. Multigroup path analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results:
Research has shown that midwives of varying levels of seniority experience similar levels of general occupational stress, job satisfaction, intentions to leave their current workplace or profession, and life satisfaction. The study found a negative corre-lation between occupational stress and job satisfaction and life satisfaction in both groups. The correlation between job satisfaction and the intention to leave the current workplace or profession was significantly negative only among low-experienced midwives. In high-experienced midwives, the relationship between stress and the intention to leave the current workplace or profession was direct. In the group of low-experienced midwives, links between occupational stress and all outcome variables were completely mediated by job satisfaction.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that degree of person-environment fit accurately predicts the positive and negative consequences of working conditions for behavior both at work and outside of work. The correlations between stress at work, thoughts of leaving work, and the assessment of well-being differ between low- and high-experienced employees.
REFERENCES (85)
1.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5....
2.
Alsaraireh, F., Quinn Griffin, M. T., Ziehm, S. R., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2014). Job satisfaction and turnover intention among Jordanian nurses in psychiatric units. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23, 460–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12....
3.
Antonakis, J., Bastardoz, N., & Rönkkö, M. (2021). On ignoring the random effects assumption in multilevel mod-els: Review, critique, and recommendations. Organizational Research Methods, 24, 443–483. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442....
4.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: a meta‐analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471–499. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466....
5.
Bahlman-van Ooijen, W., Malfait, S., Huisman-de Waal, G., & Hafsteinsdóttir, T. B. (2023). Nurses’ motivations to leave the nursing profession: a qualitative meta-aggregation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 79, 4455–4471. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15....
6.
Bakker, A. B., & de Vries, J. D. (2021). Job demands-resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 34, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/106158....
7.
Beier, M. E., Kanfer, R., Kooij, D. T. A. M., & Truxillo, D. M. (2022). What’s age got to do with it? A primer and review of the workplace aging literature. Personnel Psychology, 75, 779–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.1....
8.
Bell, A. S., Rajendran, D., & Theiler, S. (2012). Job stress, wellbeing, work-life balance and work-life conflict among Australian academics. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 8, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.7790/ejap.v....
9.
Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Social and emotional aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 383–409. https://doi.org/10.1146/annure....
10.
Charles, S. T., & Luong, G. (2013). Emotional experience across adulthood: The theoretical model of strength and vulnerability integration. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 443–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/096372....
11.
Chirkowska-Smolak, T., & Grobelny, J. (2016). Konstrukcja i wstępna analiza psychometryczna kwestionariusza postrzeganego stresu w pracy (PSwP) [Construction and preliminary psychometric analysis of the Perceived Stress at Work Questionnaire]. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 22, 131–139.
12.
Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Żywiołek-Szeja, M., Paliga, M., Grabowski, D., & Krauze, N. (2023). Remote and on-site work stress severity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison and selected conditions. International Jour-nal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 36, 96–111. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijome....
13.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and So-cial Behavior, 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/213640....
14.
Crosswell, A. D., Whitehurst, L., & Mendes, W. B. (2021). Effects of acute stress on cognition in older versus younger adults. Psychology and Aging, 36, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag000....
15.
De Meulenaere, K., Allen, D. G., & Kunze, F. (2022). Age separation and voluntary turnover: Asymmetric effects for collective turnover rates and individual turnover intentions depending on age. Personnel Psychology, 75, 865–894. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.1....
16.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327....
17.
Diener, E., Inglehart, R., & Tay, L. (2013). Theory and validity of life satisfaction scales. Social Indicators Research, 112, 497–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205....
18.
Douglas, S., & Roberts, R. (2020). Employee age and the impact on work engagement. Strategic HR Review, 19, 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-05....
19.
Drenth, P. J. D., Thierry, H., & de Wolff, C. J. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook of work and organizational psychology: Vol-ume 1: Introduction to work and organizational psychology (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/978131....
20.
Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M., & Mansfield, L. R. (2012). Whistle while you work: a review of the life satisfaction literature. Journal of Management, 38, 1038–1083. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920....
21.
Eurofound (2022a). Working conditions in the time of COVID-19: Implications for the future. Publications Office of the European Union.
22.
Eurofound (2022b). Living and working in Europe 2021. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2806/880965.
23.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41....
24.
Feijen-de Jong, E. I., van der Voort-Pauw, N., Nieuwschepen-Ensing, E. G., & Kool, L. (2022). Intentions to leave and actual turnover of community midwives in the Netherlands: a mixed method study exploring the reasons why. Women and Birth, 35, e573–e582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.womb....
25.
French, J. R., Caplan, R. D., & Van Harrison, R. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain. John Wiley.
26.
Geese, F., Zwakhalen, S., Lucien, B., & Hahn, S. (2022). Job satisfaction of advanced practice nurses in cancer care: a systematic review. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 56, 102089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon....
27.
Geraghty, S., Speelman, C., & Bayes, S. (2019). Fighting a losing battle: Midwives experiences of workplace stress. Women and Birth, 32, e297–e306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.womb....
28.
Gieure, C., del Mar Benavides-Espinosa, M., & Roig-Dobón, S. (2020). The entrepreneurial process: The link be-tween intentions and behavior. Journal of Business Research, 112, 541–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus....
29.
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26, 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-....
30.
Guglielmi, D., Avanzi, L., Chiesa, R., Mariani, M. G., Bruni, I., & Depolo, M. (2016). Positive aging in demanding workplaces: The gain cycle between job satisfaction and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1224. https://www.frontiersin.org/ar....
31.
Hildingsson, I., Fahlbeck, H., Larsson, B., & Johansson, M. (2023). How midwives’ perceptions of work empower-ment have changed over time: a Swedish comparative study. Midwifery, 118, 103599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw....
32.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-0....
33.
Hsu, H. C. (2018). Age differences in work stress, exhaustion, well-being, and related factors from an ecological perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
34.
Jackson, A. T., & Frame, M. C. (2018). Stress, health, and job performance: What do we know? Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 23, e12147. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.1....
35.
Jarczok, M. N., Jarczok, M., & Thayer, J. F. (2020). Work stress and autonomic nervous system activity. In T. The-orell (Ed.), Handbook of socioeconomic determinants of occupational health: From macro-level to micro-level evi-dence (pp. 1–33). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
36.
Jasiński, A. M., & Derbis, R. (2023). The impact of workload and job satisfaction on occupational stress – a comparison among newly qualified and experienced midwives. Work, 74, 621–630. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-21....
37.
Jiang, K., Zhang, Z., Hu, J., & Liu, G. (2022). Retirement intention of older workers: The influences of high‐involvement work practices, individual characteristics, and economic environment. Personnel Psychology, 75, 929–958. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.1....
38.
Jobst, L. J., Auerswald, M., & Moshagen, M. (2022). The effect of latent and error non-normality on measures of fit in structural equation modeling. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 82,.
40.
Johnson, M., Cowin, L. S., Wilson, I., & Young, H. (2012). Professional identity and nursing: Contemporary theo-retical developments and future research challenges. International Nursing Review, 59, 562–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466....
41.
Jutengren, G., Jaldestad, E., Dellve, L., & Eriksson, A. (2020). The potential importance of social capital and job crafting for work engagement and job satisfaction among health-care employees. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 17, 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
42.
Kim, T., Schuh, S. C., & Cai, Y. (2020). Person or job? Change in person-job fit and its impact on employee work attitudes over time. Journal of Management Studies, 57, 287–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.1....
43.
Kjell, O. N. E., & Diener, E. (2021). Abbreviated three-item versions of the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Harmony in Life Scale yield as strong psychometric properties as the original scales. Journal of Personality As-sessment, 103, 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/002238....
44.
Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Kensbock, J. M., & Peschl, A. (2020). What satisfies younger versus older employ-ees, and why? An aging perspective on equity theory to explain interactive effects of employee age, monetary rewards, and task contributions on job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 59, 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21....
45.
Kooij, D. T. A. M., Jansen, P. G. W., Dikkers, J. S. E., & De Lange, A. H. (2010). The influence of age on the associa-tions between HR practices and both affective commitment and job satisfaction: a meta-analysis: HR practices, age, and work-related attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 1111–1136. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.66....
46.
Kool, L. E., Feijen-de Jong, E. I., Schellevis, F. G., & Jaarsma, D. A. D. C. (2019). Perceived job demands and re-sources of newly qualified midwives working in primary care settings in The Netherlands. Midwifery, 69, 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw....
47.
Kool, L. E., Schellevis, F. G., Jaarsma, D. A. D. C., & Feijen-De Jong, E. I. (2020). The initiation of Dutch newly qual-ified hospital-based midwives in practice, a qualitative study. Midwifery, 83, 102648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw....
48.
Kosec, Z., Sekulic, S., Wilson-Gahan, S., Rostohar, K., Tusak, M., & Bon, M. (2022). Correlation between employ-ee performance, well-being, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction in sedentary jobs in Slovenian enterprises. In-ternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
49.
Kristof-Brown, A., & Guay, R. P. (2011). Person-environment fit. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 3. Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization (pp. 3–50). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12171-....
50.
Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, P., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: The relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction. Current Psychology, 40, 6308–6323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144....
51.
Labrague, L. J., Nwafor, C. E., & Tsaras, K. (2020). Influence of toxic and transformational leadership practices on nurses’ job satisfaction, job stress, absenteeism and turnover intention: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28, 1104–1113. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.1....
52.
Lambert, E. G., Qureshi, H., & Frank, J. (2021). The good life: Exploring the effects job stress, job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on the life satisfaction of police officers. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 23, 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/146135....
53.
Lawson, K. M., Davis, K. D., Crouter, A. C., & O’Neill, J. W. (2013). Understanding work-family spillover in hotel managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm....
54.
Lee, S. E., MacPhee, M., & Dahinten, V. S. (2020). Factors related to perioperative nurses’ job satisfaction and intention to leave. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17, e12263. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.1....
55.
Li, R., & Yao, M. (2022). What promotes teachers’ turnover intention? Evidence from a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 37, 100477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edur....
56.
Lu, H., Zhao, Y., & While, A. (2019). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: a literature review. International Jour-nal of Nursing Studies, 94, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnu....
57.
Luo, J., Mills, K., le Cessie, S., Noordam, R., & van Heemst, D. (2020). Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: What to do next? Ageing Research Reviews, 57, 100982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.....
58.
McDaniel, B. T., O’Connor, K., & Drouin, M. (2021). Work-related technoference at home and feelings of work spillover, overload, life satisfaction and job satisfaction. International Journal of Workplace Health Manage-ment, 14, 526–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-....
59.
Mennino, S. F., Rubin, B. A., & Brayfield, A. (2005). Home-to-job and job-to-home spillover: The impact of com-pany policies and workplace culture. The Sociological Quarterly, 46, 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533....
60.
Mikneviciute, G., Ballhausen, N., Rimmele, U., & Kliegel, M. (2022). Does older adults’ cognition particularly suffer from stress? A systematic review of acute stress effects on cognition in older age. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 132, 583–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neub....
61.
Murayama, Y., Yamazaki, S., Yamaguchi, J., Hasebe, M., & Fujiwara, Y. (2020). Chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 20, 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13....
62.
Naczelna Izba Pielęgniarek i Położnych (2021). Katastrofa kadrowa pielęgniarek i położnych. Raport Naczelnej Izby Pielęgniarek i Położnych [Staffing disaster for nurses and midwives. Report]. Retrieved from https://nipip.pl/raport2021/.
63.
Nikolaev, B., Shir, N., & Wiklund, J. (2020). Dispositional positive and negative affect and self-employment transi-tions: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44, 451–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225....
64.
Persson, J., Johansson, G., Arvidsson, I., Östlund, B., Holgersson, C., Persson, R., & Rydenfält, C. (2022). A frame-work for participatory work environment interventions in home care – success factors and some challenges. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913....
65.
Peter, K. A., Meier-Kaeppeli, B., Pehlke-Milde, J., & Grylka-Baeschlin, S. (2021). Work-related stress and intention to leave among midwives working in Swiss maternity hospitals – a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 671. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913....
66.
Piotrowski, A., Sygit-Kowalkowska, E., Boe, O., & Rawat, S. (2022). Resilience, occupational stress, job satisfac-tion, and intention to leave the organization among nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-ternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
67.
Pitts, D., Marvel, J., & Fernandez, S. (2011). So hard to say goodbye? Turnover intention among U.S. federal em-ployees. Public Administration Review, 71, 751–760. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540....
68.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9....
69.
Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2....
70.
Scanlan, J. N., & Still, M. (2019). Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service. BMC Health Services Re-search, 19, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913....
71.
Søbstad, J. H., Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Costa, G., & Hystad, S. W. (2021). Predictors of turnover intention among Norwegian nurses: a cohort study. Health Care Management Review, 46, 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.00....
72.
Sok, J., Blomme, R., & Tromp, D. (2014). Positive and negative spillover from work to home: The role of organiza-tional culture and supportive arrangements. British Journal of Management, 25, 456–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8....
73.
Spector, P. E. (2022). Job satisfaction. From assessment to intervention. Routlegde.
74.
Spector, P. E., Allen, T., Poelmans, S., Lapierre, L., Cooper, C., O’Driscoll, M., Sanchez, J., Abarca, N., Alexan-drova, M., Beham, B., Brough, P., Ferreiro, P., Fraile, G., Lu, C., Lu, L., Moreno Velazquez, I., Pagon, M., Pi-tariu, H., Salamatov, V., & Widerszal-Bazyl, M. (2007). Cross-national differences in relationships of work de-mands, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with work-family conflict. Personnel Psychology, 60, 805–835. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744....
75.
Steel, P., Schmidt, J., Bosco, F., & Uggerslev, K. (2019). The effects of personality on job satisfaction and life satis-faction: a meta-analytic investigation accounting for bandwidth–fidelity and commensurability. Human Rela-tions, 72, 217–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872....
76.
Stoll, K., & Gallagher, J. (2019). A survey of burnout and intentions to leave the profession among Western Cana-dian midwives. Women and Birth, 32, e441–e449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.womb....
77.
Thayer, J. F., Mather, M., & Koenig, J. (2021). Stress and aging: a neurovisceral integration perspective. Psycho-physiology, 58, e13804. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.1....
78.
Toossi, M. (2012). Projections of the labor force to 2050: a visual essay. Monthly Labor Review, 135, 3–16.
79.
Udayar, S., Urbanaviciute, I., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2020). The role of personality profiles in the longitudinal relationship between work-related well-being and life satisfaction among working adults in Switzerland. Euro-pean Journal of Personality, 34, 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.22....
80.
Van der Heijden, B., Brown Mahoney, C., & Xu, Y. (2019). Impact of job demands and resources on nurses’ burnout and occupational turnover intention towards an age-moderated mediation model for the nursing pro-fession. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
81.
Warr, P. (2020). Age and job performance. In J. Snel & R. Cremer (Eds.), Work and aging: a European perspective (pp. 309–325). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/978100....
82.
Wright, E. M., Matthai, M. T., & Budhathoki, C. (2018). Midwifery professional stress and its sources: a mixed-methods study. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 63, 660–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.1....
83.
Xia, Y., & Yang, Y. (2019). RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: The story they tell depends on the estimation methods. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 409–428. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428....
84.
Zalewska, A. M. (2003). Skala satysfakcji z pracy – pomiar poznawczego aspektu ogólnego zadowolenia z pracy [Job Satisfaction Scale – measuring the cognitive aspect of overall job satisfaction]. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica, 7, 49–61.
85.
Zhang, Y., Rasheed, M. I., & Luqman, A. (2019). Work-family conflict and turnover intentions among Chinese nurses: The combined role of job and life satisfaction and perceived supervisor support. Personnel Review, 49, 1140–1156. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-....
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2353-5571 |
| ISSN: | 2353-4184 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
