ORIGINAL PAPER
Determinants of self-regulation in obesity: formation of implicit food preferences
1
Social Science Department, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
2
Social Sciences Department, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
3
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch,
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Submission date: 2016-06-28
Final revision date: 2016-09-07
Acceptance date: 2016-09-07
Online publication date: 2017-01-31
Publication date: 2017-01-30
Health Psychology Report 2017;5(3):258-262
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background
The objective of this study was to investigate whether motor behavior can impact self-regulation of food intake in individuals with obesity. We utilized purposeful movement of the hand as a means to influence tendencies to approach and avoid foods compatible and incompatible with the weight loss goals.
Participants and procedure
One hundred individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) participated in this study. The participants were randomized into 2 experimental groups. The first experimental group was induced to prefer dietary foods and to avoid fattening foods. The second experimental group was induced to prefer fattening food and to avoid dietary food.
Results
Experimental group 1 chose dietary products and avoided fattening items more often than group 2. We observed the increased importance of goals to lose weight and improve body shape as a result of manipulation consistent with its direction.
Conclusions
Implicit manipulation of food preferences by approach/avoidance tasks can alter food preferences and attitudes.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether motor behavior can impact self-regulation of food intake in individuals with obesity. We utilized purposeful movement of the hand as a means to influence tendencies to approach and avoid foods compatible and incompatible with the weight loss goals.
Participants and procedure
One hundred individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) participated in this study. The participants were randomized into 2 experimental groups. The first experimental group was induced to prefer dietary foods and to avoid fattening foods. The second experimental group was induced to prefer fattening food and to avoid dietary food.
Results
Experimental group 1 chose dietary products and avoided fattening items more often than group 2. We observed the increased importance of goals to lose weight and improve body shape as a result of manipulation consistent with its direction.
Conclusions
Implicit manipulation of food preferences by approach/avoidance tasks can alter food preferences and attitudes.
REFERENCES (23)
1.
Altman, M., & Wilfley, D. E. (2015). Evidence update on the treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 521–537. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2014.963854.
2.
Barber, L. K., & Smit, B. W. (2014). Using the networked fire chief for ego-depletion research: measuring dynamic decision-making effort and performance. Journal of Social Psychology, 154, 379–383. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2014.933161.
3.
Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Intention, awareness, efficiency, and control as separate issues. In R. Wyer & T. Srull (eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition (pp. 1–40). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
4.
Baumeister, R. F. (2014). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and inhibition. Neuropsychologia, 65, 313–319. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.012.
5.
Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. San Diego, CA, US: Academic Press.
6.
Becker, D., Jostmann, N., Wiers, R., & Holland, R. (2014). Approach avoidance training in the eating domain: Testing the effectiveness across three single session studies. Appetite, 85, 58–65. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.11.017.
7.
Cacioppo, J. T., Priester J. R., & Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes arm flexion and extension have differential-effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5–17.
9.
Englert, C., Zwemmer, K., Bertrams, A., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2015). Ego depletion and attention regulation under pressure: is a temporary loss of self-control strength indeed related to impaired attention regulation? Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37, 127–137. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2014-0219.
10.
Fishbach, A., & Shah, J. Y. (2006). Self-control in action: implicit dispositions toward goals and away from temptations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 820–832. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.820.
11.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54, 493–503. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493.
12.
Hagger, M. S. (2014). The multiple pathways by which trait self-control predicts health behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48, 282–283. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9631-x.
13.
Hagger, M. S. (2015). Implicating self-control in the mechanism by which implementation intentions reduce stress-induced unhealthy eating: A comment on O’Connor et al. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49, 301–304. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9678-8.
14.
Hubert, B., Guimard, P., Florin, A., & Tracy, A. (2015). Indirect and direct relationships between self-regulation and academic achievement during the nursery/elementary school transition of French students. Early Education and Development, 26, 685–707. doi: 10.1080/10409289.2015.1037624.
15.
Löffler, A., Luck, T., Then, F. S., Sikorski, C., Kovacs, P., Böttcher, Y., Breitfeld, J., Tönjes, A., Horstmann, A., Löffler, M., Engel, C., Thiery, J., Villringer, A., Stumvoll, M., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2015). Eating behaviour in the general population: an analysis of the factor structure of the German version of the three-factor-eating-questionnaire (TFEQ) and its association with the body mass index. PLoS One, 10, e0133977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133977.
16.
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268.
17.
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 247–259.
18.
Naughton, P., McCarthy, M., & McCarthy, S. (2015). Acting to self-regulate unhealthy eating habits. An investigation into the effects of habit, hedonic hunger and self-regulation on sugar consumption from confectionery foods. Food Quality and Preference, 46, 173–183. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.08.001.
19.
Ramage, S., Farmer, A., Apps, E. K., & McCargar, L. (2014). Healthy strategies for successful weight loss and weight maintenance: a systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 39, 1–20. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0026.
20.
Schumacher, S., Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2015). Bias modification training can alter approach bias and chocolate consumption. Appetite, 96, 219–224. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.014.
21.
Stice, E., Lawrence, N., Kemps, E., & Veling, H. (2016). Training motor responses to food: A novel treatment for obesity targeting implicit processes. Clinical Psychology Review, 49, 16–27. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.06.005.
22.
Verhoeven, A. A., Adriaanse, M. A., de Vet, E., Fennis, B. M., & de Ridder, D. T. (2014). Identifying the ‘if’ for ‘if-then’ plans: Combining implementation intentions with cue-monitoring targeting unhealthy snacking behaviour. Psychology & Health, 29, 1476–1492. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2014.950658.
23.
Zanna, M. P., Kiesler, C. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (1970). Positive and negative attitudinal affect established by classical conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 321–328.
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2353-5571 |
| ISSN: | 2353-4184 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
