Psycho-physiological mechanism of energy transfer in the human body: myth or reality?
1
Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
2
Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
3
Institute of Psychology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
Submission date: 2019-07-05
Final revision date: 2019-09-12
Acceptance date: 2019-09-12
Online publication date: 2019-10-30
Publication date: 2019-10-16
Health Psychology Report 2019;7(4):267-275
KEYWORDS
health psychologyenergetic transferring system (ETS)psycho-psychological functioningVietnamese martial art schoolenergy transfer system (ETS)
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The authors consider the existence of an energy transfer system (ETS) in the human body and its consequenc-es for health, performing a review of the available literature and studies. The article is an attempt to describe the possible psychophysiological mechanism of ETS (i.e. mechanism of transmission of stimuli in connective tissue) based on biochemical reactions, which was first described in Eastern Medicine a long time ago. Some previously reported results suggest that it is possible to modulate the psychophysiological effects on the con-nective tissue, and that the internal ETS can be activated not only through internal acupoints but also through breath self-regulation techniques. Among the people specialized in such breathing are martial art fighters. In a very preliminary pilot study we investigate four cases in a Vietnamese Thiên Môn Đạo (TMD) group, where breathing techniques result in cardiovascular and blood pressure changes, which can indirectly suggest activa-tion of ETS. An additional energy system in the human body is postulated. However, future research is serious-ly needed. Findings could be applicable e.g. in cardiac rehabilitation programs.
REFERENCES (49)
1.
Bower, J. E., & Irwin, M. R. (2016). Mind-body therapies and control of inflammatory biology: a descriptive review. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 51, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.....
2.
Chikly, B., Roberts, P., & Quaghebeur, J. (2016). Primo vascular system: a unique biological system shifting a medical paradigm. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 116, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2....
3.
Dada, R., Kumar, S. B., Chawla, B., Bisht, S., & Khan, B. (2016). Oxidative stress induced damage to the paternal genome and impact of meditation and yoga on incidence of childhood cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 17, 4517–4525.
4.
Darras, J. C., de Vernejoul, P., & Albarede, P. (1992). Nuclear medicine and acupuncture: A study on the migration of radioactive tracers after injection at acupoints. American Journal of Acupuncture, 20, 243–256.
5.
Dorfer, L., Moser, M., Spinder, K., Bahr, F., Egarter-Vigl, E., & Dohr, G. (1998). 5200-year-old acu-puncture in Central Europe? Science, 282, 242–243. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
6.
Gajewski, M., Laskowska-Bożek, H., Maśliński, S., & Ryżewski, J. (1991). Increase in the expression of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in isolated, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes treated with potassi-um cyanide. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 38, 61–65.
7.
Gajewski, M., Laskowska-Bożek, H., Moutiris, J., Maśliński, S., & Ryżewski, J. (1993). Enhanced re-sponsiveness of rat cardiac myocytes to muscarinic cholinergic stimulation during chemically-induced hypoxia. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 53, 79–91.
8.
Gajewski, M., & Maśliński, S. (2012). Is connective tissue the fourth system regulating the body’s en-ergy homeostasis? Reumatologia/Rheumatology, 50, 187–192.
9.
Gajewski, M., Maślinski, S., Rzodkiewicz, P., & Wojtecka-Łukasik, E. (2013). Gas-therapy in rheuma-toid arthritis treatment: When West meets East – actual medical concepts with ancient world ideas. In H. Matsuno (Ed.), Innovative Rheumatology (pp. 189–213). London: IntechOpen.
10.
Gajewski, M., Szczepanik, S., Wysocki, Ł., Sygitowicz, G., Gajewska, J., Pachecka, J., & Maśliński, S. (2006). Connective tissue as the fourth system regulating homeostasis (in polish). Życie Weterynaryjne, 81, 519–529.
11.
Hui, B., Pei-Jing, R., & Liang, L. I. (2010). Effects of different acupuncture stimulation on NO content in acupoints areas. Journal of Traditional Chinese medicine, 30, 25–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-....
12.
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., Witarama, T., Carrillo, C., Sadeghi, N., Arevalo, J. M., Ma, J., Nicassio, P., Bootzin, R., & Cole, S. (2015). Cognitive behavioural therapy and tai chi reverse cellu-lar and genomic markers of inflammation in late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. Biolog-ical Psychiatry, 78, 721–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biop....
13.
Kataoka, Y., Cui, Y., Yamagata, A., Niigaki, M., Hirohata, T., Oishi, N., & Watanabe, Y. (2001). Activi-ty-dependent neural tissue oxidation emits intrinsic ultraweak photons. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 285, 1007–1011. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2....
14.
Khattab, K., Khattab, A. A., Ortak, J., Richardt, G., & Bonnemeier, H. (2007). Iyengar yoga increases cardiac parasympathetic nervous modulation among healthy yoga practitioners. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4, 511–517. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/n....
15.
Kobayashi, M., Kikuchi, D., & Okamura, H. (2009). Imaging of ultraweak spontaneous photon emis-sion from human body displaying diurnal rhythm. PLoS One, 4, e6256. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
16.
Kobayashi, M., Takeda, M., Sato, T., Yamazaki, Y., Kaneko, K., Ito, K., Kato, H., & Inaba, H. (1999). In vivo imaging of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from a rat’s brain correlated with cere-bral Energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Neuroscience Research, 34, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-....
17.
Kumar, S. B., Yadav, R., Yadav, R. K., Tolahunase, M., & Dada, R. (2015). Telomerase activity and cellular aging might be positively modified by a Yoga-based lifestyle intervention. Journal of Alter-native and Complementary Medicine, 21, 370–372. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.20....
18.
Langevin, H. M., Churchill, D. L., & Cipolla, M. J. (2001). Mechanical signaling through connective tis-sue: a mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. FASEB Journal, 15, 2275–2282. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.01-....
19.
Langevin, H. M., & Yandow, J. A. (2002). Relationship of acupuncture points and meridians to con-nective tissue planes. Anatomical Record, 269, 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.101....
20.
Lee, M. S., Lee, Y. H., Shin, B. C., Jeong, D. M., Kim, M. K., Eo, Y. G., & Ko, S. B. (2005). Is there any energy transfer during acupuncture? American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 33, 507–512. https://doi.org/10.1142/S01924....
21.
Lee, C., Seol, S. K., Lee, B. C., Hong, Y. K., Je, J. H., & Soh, K. S. (2006). Alcian blue staining meth-od to visualize bonghan threads inside large caliber lymphatic vessels and x-ray microtomography to reveal their microchannels. Lymphatic Research and Biology, 4, 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1089/lrb.20....
22.
Lee, C., Yang, J. M., Yi, S. H., Cho, H. J., Kang, M. J., Yang, J. S., & Soh, K. H. (2004). Biophoton emission from patients with a cold. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 22, 362–365.
23.
Ma, S. X., Li, X. Y., Sakurai, T., & Pandjaitan, M. (2007). Evidence of enhanced non-enzymatic gener-ation of nitric oxide on the skin surface of acupuncture points: an innovative approach in humans. Nitric Oxide: Biology and Chemistry, 17, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox....
24.
Maśliński, S., & Ryżewski, J. (Eds.) (2009). Patofizjologia. Podręcznik dla studentów medycyny [Path-ophysiology. Handbook for students of medicine]. Warszawa: PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie.
25.
Mustafa, A. K., Gadalla, M. M., & Snyder, S. H. (2009). Signaling by gasotransmitters. Science Sig-naling, 2, re2. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisig....
26.
Niggli, H. J., Tudisco, S., Privitera, G., Applegate, L. E., Scordino, A., & Musumeci. F. (2005). Laser-ultraviolet-A-induced ultraweak photon emission in mammalian cells. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 10, 024006. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1899....
27.
Oke, S. L., & Tracey, K. J. (2009). The inflammatory reflex and the role of complementary and alterna-tive medical therapies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1172, 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals....
28.
Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J. (2012). The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex – linking immunity and metabolism. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8, 743–754. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo....
29.
Revsbech, I. G., Shen, X., Chakravarti, R., Jensen, B. J., Thiel, B., Evans, A. L., Kindberg J., Frobert, O., Stuehr, D. J., Kevil, C., & Fago, A. (2014). Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide metabolites in the blood of free-ranging brown bears and their potential roles in hibernation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 73, 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.free....
30.
Różycka, J., & Tran, A. Q. (2012). Effect of self-regulation techniques on psychophysical processes. Research in Thien Mon Dao martial art school (in Polish). Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, 1, 69–83.
31.
Różycka-Tran, J., & Tran, A. Q. (2014). Self-regulation techniques in Vietnamese Zen Truc Lam monas-tery. Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, 6, 123–133.
32.
Schutgens, F. W. G., Neogi, P., van Wijk, E. P. A., van Wijk, R., Wikman, G., & Wiegant F. A. C. (2009). The influence of adaptogens on ultraweak biophoton emission: a pilot-experiment. Phyto-therapy Research, 23, 1103–1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.27....
33.
Singh, V. P., Khandelwal, B., & Sherpa, N. T. (2015). Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune mechanisms of action of yoga in type II diabetes. Ancient Science of Life, 35, 12–17. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7....
34.
Slawinski J. (2005). Photon emission from perturbed and dying organisms: biomedical perspetives. Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde, 12, 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1159/000083....
35.
Soh, K. S. (2004). Bonghan duct and acupuncture meridian as optical channel of biophoton. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 45, 1196–1198.
36.
Stefanov, M. (2012). Critical review and comments on B. H. Kim’s work on the primo vascular system. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 5, 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams....
37.
Stefanov, M., & Kim, J. (2012). Primo vascular system as a new morphofunctional integrated system. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 5, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams....
38.
Stefanov, M., Potroz, M., Kim, J., Lim, J., Cha, R., & Nam, M. H. (2013). The primo vascular system as a new anatomical system. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 6, 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams....
39.
Sun, Y., Wang, C., & Dai, J. (2010). Biophotons as a neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 9, 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1039/b9pp00....
40.
Szabo, C. (2010). Gaseotransmitters: new frontiers for translational science. Science Translational Medicine, 2, 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitra....
41.
Takewaki, M., Harris, M., Uemura, K., Ueno, T., Hoshino, E., Shiotani, A., Pappas, T. N., & Takahashi T. (2003). Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 285, 862–872. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpreg....
42.
Takewaki, M., Strickland, C., Fukuda, H., Tsuchida, D., Hoshino, E., Pappas, T. N., & Takahashi, T. (2005). Effects of acupuncture on vasopressin-induced emesis in conscious dogs. American Jour-nal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 288, 401–408. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpreg....
43.
Tracey, K. J. (2009). Reflex control of immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology, 9, 418–428. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri256....
44.
Unger, T., Paulis, L., & Sica, D. A. (2011). Therapeutic perspectives in hypertension: novel means for renin-angiotensin aldosterone system modulation and emerging device-based approaches. Euro-pean Heart Journal, 32, 2739–2747. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhea....
45.
van Wijk, E. P. A., Koch, H., Bosman, S., & van Wijk, R. (2006). Anatomic characterization of human ultra-weak photon emission in practitioners of transcendental meditation (TM) and control subjects. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.20....
46.
Vijayaraghava, A., Doreswamy, V., Narasipur, O.S., Kunnavil, R., & Srinivasamurthy, N. (2015). Effect of yoga practice on levels of inflammatory markers after moderate and strenuous exercise. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 9, CC08–CC12. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2....
47.
Vinay, A. V., Venkatesh, D., & Ambarish, V. (2016). Impact of short-term-practice of yoga on heart rate variability. International Journal of Yoga, 9, 62–66. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6....
48.
Wanga, Z., Wanga, N., Lia, Z., Xiaoa, F., & Daia, J. (2016). Human high intelligence is involved in spectral redshift of biophotonic activities in the brain. PNAS, 113, 8753–8758. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1....
49.
Włodarski, J., & Stankiewicz, J. (2012). “Boxing from Putna” as martial art. Practical meaning of the style in the period of the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions in China (in polish). Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, 2, 12–28.
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2353-5571 |
| ISSN: | 2353-4184 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
